A
`adah
Custom
`ahd
Covenant
Ahl
al-dhimma People of the covenant, protected status
Ahl
al-kitab People of the book: Jews and Christians
`alim
(pl. `ulama`) Religious scholar
Allahoo
akbar Allah is the greatest
Amir
al-mu`minin Commander of the faithful
Ansar
The followers of the prophet in Medina
`aql
Reason
Arkan
al-islam The five pillars of Islam
`asabiyah Arab tribal solidarity
`ashura
The tenth, the Jewish Yom Kippur.
`ashura
Day of mourning in Shi`i tradition
`asriyun
Modernists
B
Baiy`ah/
mubaya`ah Oath of allegiance to the ruler
Bid`ah
Apostasy, heresy; innovation practice
D
Dar al-harb
Abode of war, the world outside Islam
Dar
al-Islam Abode of Islam, Muslim land
Dar al-sulh
Regions considered at temporally peace with Islam (by contract)
Da`wah
Religious propaganda, propagation of the Islamic faith
Dawlah
State
Din
Faith, religion
Duniah
World
F
Fard `ayn
Obligatory duty
Fard kifaya
Voluntary duty
Fatwah
(pl. Fatawat) Authoritative religious ruling
Fiqh
Jurisprudence
G
Ghulat
Exaggerators
H
Hadith (pl. Ahadith)
Narration, traditions of the Prophet.
Hajj Pilgrimage to Mecca
Hakmiyah Sovereignty
Haq (pl. Huquq) Right
Haram Unlawful, forbidden, sacred territory, sanctuary
Hijrah Tthe Prophets migration on July 16, 622 CE
Hizbullah Party of Allah
Hudaibiya Pact
In the year 628 Muhammad had signed a contract with the Qureish tribe
of Medina of cease-fire or non-belligerency for then years, in an area
called Hudaibiyah. after two years he violated the pact, in the name
of Allah, and conquered Mecca. Muhammads behavior has since become a
model for how to treat the enemies of Islam: Agreements are to be
breached when expedient.
Hukm Authority, rule
Hurriyah Freedom
I
`ibadah Worship
`id Festival
`id al-adh`a The feast of sacrifice
`id al-fitr The feast of breaking the Ramadan fast
Ijma` Consensus of Muslim community
Ijtihad Innovative thinking, interpretation of Islamic law
`ilm Knowledge, science
`ilmaniyah Secularism
Imam Religious and prayer leader
Iman Faith
`ird Woman honor
Islah Reform
J
Jahiliyah
The times of pre-Islamic Arabia, sinful society
Jama`ah
Association or society
Jihad
Holy war
Jihad
al-akbar Striving for the path of Allah when the whole
world is Muslim
Jihad
al-saghir The holy war against the enemies of Islam
Jizyah
An exemption tax
K
Kafir (pl. Kuffar) Disbeliever, infidel
Khali` One who deported from his tribe
Khawarij Islamic radical sect
Khutbah (pl. Khutab) Sermon, preaching
M
Madhhab (pl. Madhahib) School of legal
thought or jurisprudence
Majlis al-shura Consultative assembly
Mawla (pl. Mawali) Non-Arab Muslim convert
in early Islamic history
Mu`min (pl. Mu`minun) Believer or faithful
Mufti Muslim religious scholar
Murtad Who rejects Islam, an apostate
Muruwah Tribal manhood
Mushrik (pl. Mushrikun) Polytheist, idolater
N
Nahdah
Resistance
Niyah
Intention
Nizam
islami Islamic system
Q
Qadi
Islamic judge
Qawm
Nation, race
Qiblah
Direction of pray
Qur`an
The holy book of Islam
Qureish
The prophets tribe
Qias
Reasoning by analogy
R
Rak`ah
Bowing during prayer
Ray
Opinion, personal speculation
S
Sabr
Endurance and steadfastness
Sadaqah
Charitable donation
Sahabah
Companions of the Prophet
Salafiyah
Movement of Islamic revival
Salat
Prayer
Shahada
There is no God but Allah and Muh`ammad is the messenger of Allah
Shahid
(pl. Shuhada`) Martyr
Shari`ah
The path, the Islamic law according to the Quran and
hadith
Sufism
Islamic mysticism and asceticism
Shi`a
Party, faction, the adherents of `ali
Sunnah
The practices of the prophet
Shura
Consultation
T
Ta`awun Solidarity, cooperation
Ta`ifiyah Sectarianism
Tali`ah Vanguard
Taqiyah Dissimulation about ones religious identity
Taqlid Imitation
Tariqah Religious order
Tashmis Deportation, banishment
U
Ummah The Islamic community
Usuliyah Roots, fundamentalism
Urf Local custom
W
Watan Homeland, fatherland
Z
Zakat Voluntary charity